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Vasily Ivanovich Belov (; 23 October 1932 – 4 December 2012〔(RIA Novosti )〕) was a Soviet Russian writer, poet and dramatist, who published more than 60 books which sold (as of 1998) 7 million copies.〔 A prominent member of the influential 1970s–1980s derevenschiki movement, Belov's best known novels include ''Business as Usual'' (Привычное дело, 1966), ''Eves'' (Кануны, 1972–1987), ''Everything's Ahead'' (Всё впереди, 1986) and ''The Year of a Major Breakdown'' (Год великого перелома, 1989–1994). Vasily Belov was a harsh critic of the Soviet rural policies (particularly collectivisation), which he felt were dominated by the cosmopolitical doctrines aiming at repressing the Russian national identity. Even detractors, though, praised Vasily Belov's tough stance on ecological issues and his activities aimed at restoration of the old Russian historic sites and churches. A great admirer of Ivan Ilyin and his legacy, Belov financed the publication of the first ''Complete Ilyin'' collection and wrote a preface for it.〔Russian Writers and Poets. The Brief Biographical Dictionary. Moscow, 2000. Василий Белов〕 Vasily Belov, the USSR State Prize (1981) and the State Prize of the Russian Federation (2003) laureate, was also a recipient of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour (1982), the Order of Lenin (1984), the Order of Merit for the Fatherland (IV, 2003) and the Order of Honour (2003). == Biography == Vasily Ivanovich Belov was born in Timonikha, Kharovsky District, Northern Krai, now Vologda oblast, into a peasant family, the eldest of five children.〔 His father Ivan Belov was killed in 1943 in the Second World War. While studying in the 7-year secondary school, Vasily had to labour in the local kolkhoz, helping his mother to raise the family. Later he referred to just one overbearing memory of his childhood, that of "overbearing hunger – for food and books."〔 In 1949 he joined a professional college in Sokol, Vologda Oblast to learn the craft of carpenter and joiner. After the army he worked in one of the Molotov (now Perm) factories, then in 1956 moved back to Vologda where he started contributing to the regional ''Communard'' newspaper.〔 On the recommendation of Aleksander Yashin, a well-established Vologda writer, Belov in 1959 enrolled into the Maxim Gorky Literature Institute in Moscow.〔 In 1961 Vasily Belov's first book of poetry ''My Small Forest Village'' was published, along with the ''Village Berdyaika'' novelet, his debut in prose. In 1963 he became a member of the USSR Union of Writers and a year later, having graduated the Gorky Institute, returned to Vologda.〔 In 1964 his ''Sultry Summer'' book of short stories was published, followed by ''Beyond the Three Voloks''〔Volok (Волок), 'a drag': a space of dry land between two rivers across which boats and small ships had to be dragged by human force.〕 (1965). It was the ''Business as Usual'' novelet (1966) published by ''Sever'' magazine, that made Belov a well-known author, its main character Ivan Africanovich soon becoming the village prose movement's token figure. ''Business as Usual'' was miles apart from the standards of Socialist realism; editor Dmitry Gusarov even had to place the "To be concluded" tag in the end of it to appease censors who felt the story's finale was "too pessimistic".〔 It was followed in 1968 by the ''Carpenter Tales'' short stories collection (published in Aleksander Tvardovsky's ''Novy Mir'') and then ''Vologda Bukhtinas'' (1969) a set of modern local folklore pieces.〔Bukhtina, бухтина – in local Vologda argot, a joke, funny anecdote.〕 The ''Upbringing According to Dr. Spock'' 1974 novellas collection's leitmotif was the rural-against-urban lifestyle dilemma, the latter seen by the author as unnatural, amoral and in every possible way deficient.〔 In contrast, 1979's ''Lad'' (Harmony) compilation of ethnographical essays proved to be his most cheerful book, portraying the traditional Russian rural ways of life as an idyll of man living in harmony with nature.〔 An outspoken opponent of some of the Soviet official policies, Vasily Belov has not for a moment been considered a dissident, having found his ideological stronghold in the opposite corner of the ideological specter. In 1981 he received the USSR State Prize ("For creating works of superb artistic quality"), then the Order of the Red Banner of Labour (1982) and Order of Lenin (1984). In the early 1980s he became one of the leading figures in the Soviet Writers Union and the Russian Federation Writers Union's first secretary. His plays ''Over the Light Waters'', ''On the 206th'', ''The Immortal Koshchey'' were running in theatres all over the country, all highlighting the idea of stopping the spread of the Western type of amorality (the natural consequence of the urbanization, as he saw it) and concentrating upon preserving the Russian natural riches.〔〔 The 1986 ''Everything's Ahead'' novel, again targeting the urban set of values, caused controversy and brought about the heated discussion in the Soviet press. It was followed by ''Such Was the War'' (1987) which included a novel and some short stories. Before that, in 1983, one of Belov's best-known works, the ''Eves'' (the novel which he started in 1972) came out, followed by ''The Year of a Major Breakdown'' (1989–1991) and ''The Sixth Hour (The 1932 Chronicle)''. This epic trilogy, telling the tragic story the decline of three peasant families, became arguably the strongest anti-collectivization manifest in the non-dissident Soviet literature, exploring what the author saw as the conflict between Russian rural traditionalism and the Bolsheviks-imposed 'rootlessness', the latter leading to chaos, mass murder and degradation.〔 In 1989–1991 Belov published a series of children's books: ''The Old and the Small'', ''The Little Spring'' fairytale and others. He started to get involved in the practical politics, first as the People's deputy, then (in 1991–1992) the member of the Supreme Soviet. In 1993–1995 the Sovremennik Publishers issued the first ''Complete Vasily Belov'' collection in five volumes. ''The Honeymoon'' novelet came out in 1996, but by this time Belov became better known as an author of highly emotional essays (appearing mostly in pro-nationalist ''Moskva'', ''Nash Sovremennik'' magazines and ''Zavtra'' newspaper) on issues like the demise of small Russian villages and the degradation of the Russian language.〔 In 1997 Vasily Belov became the Honorary citizen of Vologda. In the 2000s he was awarded the Order of Reverend Sergius of Radonezh (2002), the Order of Merit for the Fatherland (IV, 2003) and the Russian Federation's State Prize (2004) for literature and arts.〔 Vasily Belov devoted his last years to the restoration of the Nikolskaya church in Timonikha where he'd been baptized at infancy. He financed the project and worked on scaffolds himself. In 2011 the church was robbed and desecrated. On the next day Belov suffered a stroke which he's never fully recovered from. On 4 December 2012, Vasily Belov died, aged 80, in Vologda, Russia. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Vasily Belov」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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